Finanzen: Zuordnungsvorschlaege und Erkennung wiederkehrender Ausgaben
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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/**
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* Erkennung wiederkehrender Ausgaben aus den Buchungen (rein, ohne I/O): Abbuchungen derselben Gegenpartei
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* in regelmaessigem Abstand und mit nahezu gleichem Betrag, die noch nicht als feste Kosten erfasst sind.
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* Die Oberflaeche schlaegt sie dann als neue Fixkostenposition vor.
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*/
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import { daysBetween } from './dates.js'
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const MIN_COUNT = 3
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// Abstand (Tage, Median) -> Rhythmus
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const INTERVALS = [
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{ interval: 'monat', min: 25, max: 35 },
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{ interval: 'quartal', min: 80, max: 100 },
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{ interval: 'jahr', min: 350, max: 380 },
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]
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// Variationskoeffizient (Standardabweichung / Mittelwert) der Betraege
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const MAX_AMOUNT_VARIATION = 0.15
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/** Gegenpartei als Gruppenschluessel: klein, ohne Ziffern und Satzzeichen, Leerraum zusammengefasst. */
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function counterpartyKey(name) {
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return String(name ?? '')
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.toLowerCase()
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.replace(/[^\p{L}\s]/gu, '')
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.replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
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.trim()
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}
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function median(numbers) {
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const sorted = [...numbers].sort((a, b) => a - b)
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const mid = sorted.length >> 1
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return sorted.length % 2 ? sorted[mid] : (sorted[mid - 1] + sorted[mid]) / 2
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}
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/** Variationskoeffizient (Grundgesamtheit); Infinity, wenn der Mittelwert 0 ist. */
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function variation(numbers) {
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const mean = numbers.reduce((sum, n) => sum + n, 0) / numbers.length
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if (!mean) return Infinity
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const variance = numbers.reduce((sum, n) => sum + (n - mean) ** 2, 0) / numbers.length
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return Math.sqrt(variance) / Math.abs(mean)
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}
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/** true, wenn das Datum ein echter Kalendertag YYYY-MM-DD ist (daysBetween wirft sonst). */
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function validDay(ymd) {
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try {
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daysBetween(ymd, ymd)
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return true
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} catch {
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return false
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}
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}
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/**
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* Wiederkehrende Abbuchungen: [{ key, name, amountCents, interval: 'monat'|'quartal'|'jahr', lastDate, count }],
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* groesster Betrag zuerst. name ist die Schreibweise der juengsten Buchung, amountCents der Median als positiver Wert.
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*/
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export function detectRecurring(transactions, { fixedCosts = [] } = {}) {
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const matches = (fixedCosts || [])
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.filter((fixedCost) => fixedCost.active)
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.map((fixedCost) => String(fixedCost.counterpartyMatch ?? '').trim().toLowerCase())
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.filter(Boolean)
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const groups = new Map()
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for (const tx of transactions || []) {
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if (!(tx.amountCents < 0) || tx.status !== 'BOOK' || !validDay(tx.bookingDate)) continue
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const key = counterpartyKey(tx.counterpartyName)
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if (!key) continue
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if (!groups.has(key)) groups.set(key, [])
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groups.get(key).push(tx)
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}
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const result = []
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for (const [key, group] of groups) {
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if (group.length < MIN_COUNT) continue
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group.sort((a, b) => (a.bookingDate < b.bookingDate ? -1 : a.bookingDate > b.bookingDate ? 1 : 0))
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const last = group[group.length - 1]
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const name = String(last.counterpartyName).trim()
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// Schon als feste Kosten erfasst (Treffer gegen den bereinigten Schluessel und den Originalnamen, denn
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// ein counterpartyMatch darf Ziffern enthalten)
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const lowerName = name.toLowerCase()
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if (matches.some((match) => key.includes(match) || lowerName.includes(match))) continue
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const gaps = []
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for (let i = 1; i < group.length; i++) gaps.push(daysBetween(group[i - 1].bookingDate, group[i].bookingDate))
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const gap = median(gaps)
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const rhythm = INTERVALS.find(({ min, max }) => gap >= min && gap <= max)
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if (!rhythm) continue
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const amounts = group.map((tx) => -tx.amountCents)
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if (variation(amounts) > MAX_AMOUNT_VARIATION) continue
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result.push({
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key,
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name,
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amountCents: Math.round(median(amounts)),
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interval: rhythm.interval,
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lastDate: last.bookingDate,
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count: group.length,
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})
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}
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return result.sort((a, b) => b.amountCents - a.amountCents || (a.key < b.key ? -1 : 1))
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}
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